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R. LUNDELL. ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR. No. 516,213. Patented Mar. 13,1894.

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R. LUNDELL. I ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTOR. N0. 516,213. Patented Mar.l3, 1894.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT LUNDELL, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR OF TlVO-THIRDS TO EDXVARD H. JOHNSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ALTERNATlNG-CURRENT MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 516,213, dated March 13, 1894.

Application filed July 80,1892. SerialNo.4 i1,653. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: it is tilted and to place itself in a plane par- Be it known that 1, ROBERT LUNDELL, a allel with the axis of the core or coincident citizen of the United States of America, residwith the magnetic lines of force emanating ing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and therefrom. In other words, the instant that 5 State of New York, have invented certain this closed circuit is tilted about a given axis, newand useful Improvements in Electric Mothe magnetic lines of force act inductively tors, of which the following is a specification. u on the conductor and a certain amount of My invention relates especially to that type energy is consumed in causing the conductor of apparatus known in the art as alternating to change its angular position with relation 10 current electric motors, and it has for its obto the magnet pole. Upon the application of jects, first the construction of a motor of this this generic principle my invention is based. type which shall be self-starting either with I am aware that it is not broadly new with or without a load: second the regulation of me to utilize the inductive efl'fects of one or the magnetic torque or pull upon the rotary more stationary field magnet coils upon a rox 5 or movable part in accordance with the detary armature provided with short circuit conmands made upon that part in the applicanections between the opposite ends of any tion of power: third the provision of means single coil or single pair of coils in such manfor reversing the direction of the rotary or ner that the armature is caused to rotate unmovable part as desired: fourth the accomder the application of induced currents upon 2o plishment of any and all of the results which such coil or coils and that as the armature are necessarily attributable to the methods rotates said coil or coils will tend to be placed of operation and apparatus hereinafter dein a plane parallel with or coincident with the scribed and particularly claimed in the claims magnetic lines of force. Although my invenat the end of this specification. I accomtion involves the application of this generic 25 plish the aforesaid objects by the practice of principle, I make no claim broad enough to the methods and with the aid of the improved include such a structure or mode of operation. apparatus hereinafter described and fully My invention will be fully understood by illustrated in the accompanying drawings. referring to the accompanying drawings in Figure 1 represents a side elevational view all of which like letters of reference represent 0 of a motor embodying the principles of my like parts wherever used.

improvement, the field coils of said motor to w are currentmains running toadistant being connected directly in circuit with a pair alternating current generator not shown, said of current mains, while Fig. 2 is a plan view mains being connected directly by a conducthereof, the field coils and cores being shown tor w to the field magnet coils F F of my im- 5 in section. Figs. 3 ande are diagrammatic proved motor, O being the laminated field views of the same machine illustrating remagnet core thereof havinginwardly projectspectively the operative condition of affairs ing pole pieces P P. in the armature circuit attributable to diifer- A is the armature made of laminated entlocations of the current collectingbrushes. toothed disks carried by the axis A and 0 It is a well known fact that if an electric wound as shown, after the manner of a conductor be closed upon itself and located Gramme armature, each section of which is in the magnetic field of the core of an electroconnected to an individual commutator strip magnet through the coils of which alternatin the usual way. ing currents of electricity are passed, this B B are stationary current collecting 9 5 5 closed circuit will tend to be repelled from brushes permanently secured in alignment the pole of the magnet so long as it remains with the central or axial line of the field magin a plane parallel with that pole or at right net poles P P as shown in Fig.1, their inner angles to the magnetic lines of force and also ends resting directly upon the commutator, that if said closed conductor be slightly tilted while their outer ends are connected to shunt 50 in any direction it will immediately tend to circuits S S of low resistance, which in turn set up a motion about the axis around which are connected to the outer ends of a pair of independent movable current collecting brushes B B carried by the usual form. of brush rocker or holder, not shown, but adapted to permit of the rotation of said brushes into any position. These movable brushes B B and their rocker or carrier are located just outside the fixed brushes B B so that they may be rotated to any desired position and in either direction at will, as will be apparent on inspection of Fig. 2.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: Suppose the brushes B'Bin Figs. 1 and 2 be shifted to the left until they are parallel with or in the same plane with the brushes B B. Under this condition of affairs if an alternating current is set up in the mains w w and the field coils F through the conductor w the armature A would not rotate inasmuch as the inductive efiect upon all of the coils on both sides is identical, none of them being short circuited. Should the brushes B B now however be shifted forward in the direction toward which they appear in Figs. 1 and 2, the instant that they rest upon the next commutator sections in advance of those upon which the stationary brushes B and B are resting, the first coil of the armature A on the left above the brush B will be short circuited through the low resistance conductor S and in like manner that coil of the armature on the right below the corresponding brush B will be short circuited through the low resistance coil S. By virtue of these two short circuited coils therefore, there is at once set up in the armature A, a tendency to rotate from right to left. As the brushes B B are advanced in the direction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the successive coils of the armature A above the left hand brush B and the like coils below the right hand brush B will be short circuited through the low resistance conductors S and S, thus placing an increased number of short circuited coils under the influence of the field poles P P, a maximum effect being reached when those brushes stand approximately at right angles to the brushes B B. By rotating the brushes B B in the reverse direction from the starting point it is apparent that the armature will rotate in the opposite direction, thus furnishing a ready and efficient means of changing the direction of the applied power.

I have illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 the relative torque effects due respectively to the location of the movable brushes in the first instance at a point about thirty degrees from the stationary brushes, and in the second instance at a point ninety degrees distant from said brushes, the relative effects being indicated by the shaded surfaces upon the armatures A, those shaded portions representing also the ,actual proportion of armature coils which are short circuited by the brushes B B, B B through the coils S and S for the positions above indicated. It will be understood therefore that by this method of setting up an increasing inductive fieldin the armature through the agency of short circuited coils, I am enabled to vary the magneticpull or torque in accordance with the demand or load, and also thatI obtain aself-starting armature in which the means of applying the inductive effects are adapted not only to vary the current supply inaccordance with the load to'be moved but also to avoid damaging efiects upon the machine itself by virtue of the choke coil action of the motor which is obvious in viewof the nature of its construction.

I do not limit myself to'any special structure of armature such as that herein shown and described. In fact Ishould preferto use what is known as a cylindrical or barrel type of armature core with laminated toothed disks, as with such a core a more perfect magnetic circuit would be maintained between the field poles. I have herein illustrated and described the structure as having an armature of the Gramme type for the reason that the circuit connections can be much more easily illustrated with such a type of armature. Nor do I limit myself to the special form of two pole motor herein shown and described, it being apparent that the novel principle hereinbefore described may be practiced equally as well with multipolar machines. With machines of the multipolar type however there would be required two pairs of brushes for each pair of poles, unless the armature be of the well known cross connected type in which event there need be only two pairs of brushes for any number of poles. I

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An alternating current motor provided with a pair of stationary inducing field coils and a movable or rotary armature provided with a series of. coils having their free ends. attached to a current collecting device in combination with fixed and movable pairs of current collecting brushes and shunt circuits connecting said brushes together in pairs as described.

2. An alternating current motor having a pair of current collecting brushes, one fixed and the other movable with aconductor connecting said brushes; the movable brush lying in a different plane from and adapted to 5. An alternating current motor having two or more field magnet poles, a rotary armature having a series of coils connected to a common current collector, a single pair of fixed current collecting brushes and a like pair of movable current collecting brushes and shunt 5 conductors joining said fixed and movable brushes in pairs as described.

6. An alternating current motor having two or more inducing or field magnet poles, a rotary armature having a magnetic core sur- [0 rounded by a series of secondary coils connected to a common current collecting device,

a pair of fixed or stationary current collecting brushes located in alignment with the axial center of each pair of inducing poles and a corresponding pair of movable current col- 15 lecting brushes for each pair of poles, said fixed and movable brushes being connected together in pairs as described.

ROBERT LUNDELL. Witnesses:

O. J. KINTNER, M. M. ROBINSON. 

